Lying along the inner shelf areas of the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts are numerous large sand bodies containing millions of cubic meters of potential borrow material. These areas represent a variety of origins and positions relative to the beach where nourishment may be required. Four distinct types of offshore linear sand bodies include: drowned barrier islands; oblique sand bodies; longshore sand bars; and trough sand bodies. Each has the potential to provide sufficient high-quality material for beach nourishment.
Tidal Deltas
A large sediment body that accumulates on either the landward or seaward end of tidal inlets is referred to as a tidal delta (also called a tidal shoal) because these bodies mimic river deltas, and contain large amounts of sediment deposited at an inlet mouth. The presence and the size and shape of a particular tidal delta are determined by a number of factors. These include sediment availability, the interaction of wave and/or tidal processes, and the tidal flux occurring during a tidal cycle. The accumulation of sediment on the seaward side is referred to as an ebb-tidal delta (or ebb shoal). In contrast, the flood-tidal delta (or flood shoal) is found on the landward side of an inlet. These accumulations are among the largest sand bodies found along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, and can provide a major source for beach nourishment material.